仿生脚板的结构设计与材料力学分析

下肢假肢是专为那些失去或拥有不完整下肢肢体的人设计和制造的康复助力设备。有效的下肢假肢装备能够显著地弥补下肢截肢患者所失去的肢体功能。作为下肢康复设备的重要组成部分，良好的假肢脚结构设计可以帮助下肢截肢患者恢复趋近于截肢前的行走状态。与传统的假肢脚相比，新型储能假肢脚可以使下肢截肢患者更有效地模拟自然步态。但目前假肢脚的设计多受限于足部骨骼特征，缺少对足部三维立体整体的参考，近期研究中表明足底固有肌肉是脚部在双足行走期间对抗地面推离时的主要刚性来源，足底肌肉在行走过程中起着重要的储能推进作用。

本文的创新性在于以人体足部三维立体整体特征作为假肢脚仿生设计的参考，设计了一款新型仿生假肢脚板，同时利用假肢脚板底部的换能器将机械能转化为电能。通过有限元分析的方法，优化假肢脚板的结构与尺寸。通过材料拉伸测试与弯曲测试分析方法选择碳纤维与锰钢作为假肢脚板的主要组成材料。对假肢脚板进行静态测试，舒适度达到了国家标准的要求。为验证所设计假肢脚板的性能，在单边膝下截肢患者身上进行了临床试验。通过动态捕捉系统获取受试者的运动学数据，分析受试者各关节角度与地面支反力的数据，结果显示本文所设计的仿生假肢脚板具有良好的储能缓冲作用。

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